On Tuesday, voters in New York’s 16th Congressional District will cast ballots in the most expensive House primary race in American history, and if the polls are right, Representative Jamaal Bowman, a left-wing Democrat, is going to lose. In the primary four years ago, Bowman rode the insurgent energy of the Black Lives Matter movement to an upset victory against a longtime incumbent, Eliot Engel, one of Congress’s most reliable supporters of Israel. But the urgent utopian hopes of that moment have long since faded. Now Israel’s champions, many of whom have never been comfortable with Bowman, are striking back,...